Ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byahinduye muburyo bwacu bwo kugenda. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwimikorere ya EV, ikibazo cyuburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza bufata icyiciro. Mu myigaragambyo yanjye y'ibishoboka, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya aAmashanyarazi yihutamurwego rwimbere rwigaragaza nkigitekerezo gikurura, gitanga inyungu zidasanzwe. Ariko, ibisubizo byibyo bisubizo bikwiye gusuzumwa neza. Uyu munsi tuzaguha ubushishozi bwuzuye kugirango umenyeshe amahitamo yawe neza.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwihuse bwa dc?
Amashanyarazi ya DC yihuta, azwi kandi nk'urwego rwa 3 kwishyuza, ni ubwoko bwo hejuru bwa charger ya EV yishyuza byihuse kuruta amashanyarazi asanzwe dufite murugo. Bitandukanye na charger zisanzwe za AC ushobora gukoresha murugo, amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC ntabwo akoresha imashini yimodoka ahubwo akohereza ingufu za DC muri bateri ya EV. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kubona ibirometero byinshi byongewe mumodoka yawe mugihe gito - iminota mike - ikintu cyiza kubantu bafite imodoka zamashanyarazi. Kuberako ayo mashanyarazi afite imbaraga nyinshi, mubisanzwe hagati ya 50 kWt na 350 kWt, kandi ikorera kuri voltage ndende, usanga akenshi aho zishyurira rusange cyangwa kugirango zikoreshe ubucuruzi.
Ariko, kwinjiza amashanyarazi nkaya murugo biratanga ibibazo byinshi nibitekerezo, uhereye kubuhanga bwa tekinike kugeza kumafaranga. Ni ngombwa ko ba nyiri EV bapima ibintu neza mugihe batekereza aDC yihutayo gukoresha urugo.
Kuki dc yishyurwa byihuse ntabwo mubisanzwe ikoreshwa murugo
1 ers Inzitizi za tekinike n'imbibi
Ibyifuzo byo kwishyuza byihuse murugo ntawahakana, nyamara inzitizi zifatika zirahari. Ubwa mbere, umuyagankuba w'amashanyarazi ahantu henshi hatuwe harashobora kudashyigikirwa ingufu nyinshi za DC zihuta. Sitasiyo ya DC yihuta mubisanzwe bisaba ingufu ziva kuri 50 kW kugeza 350 kW. Kugira ngo tubyerekane, inzu isanzwe yo mumajyaruguru ya Amerika. itanga hafi 1.8 kWt. Mu byingenzi, gushyiramo amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC murugo byaba ari nko gutegereza ko urugo rumwe ruzajya rutanga amatara ya Noheri kumuhanda - ibikorwa remezo bihari ntabwo bifite ibikoresho byo gutwara imitwaro nkiyi.
Ikibazo kirenze ubushobozi bwinsinga zo murugo. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi waho, utanga amashanyarazi ahantu hatuwe, ntushobora kuba ushoboye gushyigikira amashanyarazi menshiDC kwishyurwa vubabisaba. Kuvugurura inzu kugirango yakire iryo koranabuhanga ntibisaba gusa impinduka zikomeye kuri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’urugo, harimo insinga ziremereye ndetse birashoboka ko na transformateur nshya, ariko nanone birashoboka ko hazamurwa ibikorwa remezo bya gride yaho.
2 ： Inzitizi z’umutekano n’ibikorwa Remezo
Amashanyarazi ntabwo ari ibikoresho byo gucomeka no gukina. Sisitemu isanzwe yo murugo yashizweho kugirango ikemure umutwaro uremereye wa kilo 10 kugeza kuri 20. Imbyino yumuyaga utaziguye ku muvuduko mwinshi unyuze mu mitsi y'urugo rwacu itwongorera impungenge z'umutekano nko gushyuha cyangwa ingaruka z'umuriro. Ibikorwa remezo, bitari mu rukuta rwacu gusa ahubwo bigera no kuri gride ihuza ingufu z'abaturage bacu, bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga zihagije zo gukoresha ingufu nkizo zidasanzwe zidahungabana.
Byongeye kandi, protocole nini yumutekano hamwe na gahunda isanzwe yo kubungabunga sitasiyo zishyuza rusange zubahiriza bigoye kwigana murugo. Kurugero, rubandaDC yihutaifite ibikoresho byo gukonjesha bigezweho kugirango bicunge ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza, birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kuvugurura inzu kugirango ushiremo ingamba zumutekano zisa, hamwe no kuzamura ibikorwa remezo bikenewe, birashobora kuba bihenze cyane.
3 Cost Igiciro cyo Kwishyiriraho
Imwe mu mbogamizi nini zo kwishyiriraho DC byihuse murugo nigiciro kinini kirimo, kirenze kure kugura gusa charger. Reka tugabanye ibiciro: kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi yihuta ya 50 kW DC birashobora kurenga $ 20.000 mugihe cyo gukora amashanyarazi akenewe. Iterambere rishobora kuba ririmo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi mashya, aremereye cyane yamashanyarazi, insinga zikomeye zishobora gutwara imizigo yongerewe amashanyarazi, kandi birashoboka ko ari transformateur nshya kugirango urugo rwawe rushobore kwakira no gucunga urwego rwimbaraga, zapimwe muri kilowatts, uhereye kuri gride .
Byongeye kandi, kwishyiriraho umwuga ntibishobora kuganirwaho kubera uburemere n’umutekano bisabwa, wongeyeho ikiguzi rusange. Iyo ugereranije nikigereranyo cyo kwishyiriraho charger yo murwego rwa 2-hafi $ 2000 kugeza $ 5,000, harimo no kuzamura amashanyarazi mato-ishoramari ryamafaranga muri DC kwishyuza byihuse bisa nkaho ari byinshi cyane kuburyo bworoshye byiyongera. Urebye ibyo bitekerezo, amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho menshi akoraDC ikarishye yihutaguhitamo kudasanzwe kubakoresha urugo kubantu benshi ba EV.
Amahitamo afatika usibye DC kwishyuza byihuse murugo
Urebye ko gushiraho amashanyarazi yihuta murugo bidakorwa mubyukuri kubera ingufu nyinshi hamwe nimpinduka zikomeye zisabwa mubikorwa remezo byo murugo, ni ngombwa kureba mubindi bikorwa byakorwa bikomeza kwishyurwa byoroshye kandi neza.
1 ： Urwego rwa 1
Kubantu bashaka igisubizo kitoroshye cyo kwishyuza, charger yo murwego rwa 1, izwi kandi nka charger yo murwego rusanzwe, ntagereranywa. Ikoresha ahantu hose 120 Volts ihinduranya isohoka ryubu, rimaze kuboneka mumazu menshi, bityo bikuraho ibikenewe byose kugirango amashanyarazi ahindurwe. Nubwo itanga ubwiyongere bworoheje bwibirometero 2 kugeza kuri 5 byurugero rwisaha yo kwishyuza, iki gipimo cyuzuza gahunda yo kwishyuza nijoro kubagenzi ba burimunsi. Icy'ingenzi, ubu buryo buteza imbere uburyo bwo kwishyuza buringaniye, bushobora kongera igihe cya bateri mukugabanya ingufu zumuriro. Amashanyarazi yo mu rwego rwa 1, azanye na J1772 cyangwa Tesla umuhuza, ni uburyo buhendutse kandi bunoze kubashoferi ba EV bafite ingeso zisanzwe zo gutwara no korohereza kwishyurwa nijoro.
2 ： Urwego rwa 2 Amashanyarazi
Gukora nkikiraro hagati yuburyo bworoshye no kwihuta, charger yo murwego rwa 2 yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyiriraho EV. Iki gisubizo gikenera kugera kuri 240-volt isohoka (icyuma cyumye), bisa nibisabwa nibikoresho binini byo murugo, kandi birashobora rimwe na rimwe gusaba kuzamurwa gake kuri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi murugo rwawe. Ariko, uku kuzamura ntigushimishije cyane kuruta guhinduka gukenewe kuri DC byihuse. Urwego rwa 2 kwishyuza byihutisha uburyo bwo kwishyuza, bitanga ibirometero bigera kuri 12 kugeza kuri 80 kurisaha. Ubu bushobozi butuma impuzandengo ya EV ishobora kwishyurwa byuzuye kuva kubura mumasaha make, bikayitanga igisubizo cyiza kubafite EV bafite ibyifuzo byinshi byo gukoresha buri munsi cyangwa abashaka igisubizo cyihuse cyo kwishyuza ijoro ryose. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bushoboka bwo kubona leta cyangwa ibikorwa by’ibanze byo gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga ryangiza ibidukikije birashobora gutuma urwego rwa 2 rwishyurwa, rukaboneka muri sock cyangwa insinga zombi, uburyo bwiza bwubukungu.
3 DC rusange DC Yishyuza Byihuse
Sitasiyo rusange ya DC yihuta itanga igisubizo cyingirakamaro kubashakisha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza DC badashyizeho sisitemu nkiyi murugo. Izi sitasiyo zakozwe muburyo bworoshye kugirango zoroherezwe kwishyurwa byihuse, zishobora kuzamura ingufu za batiri ya EV kuva kuri 20% ikagera kuri 80% mugihe gito kidasanzwe muminota 20 kugeza 40. Byatekerejweho ahantu hashobora kugerwaho cyane - nk'ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa, inzira nyabagendwa, hamwe na serivise zumuhanda - bigabanya cyane ihagarikwa ryimodoka ryakozwe mugihe cyurugendo runini. Mugihe badashobora gutanga uruhare rwibanze rwo kwishyuza urugo, ibisitasiyoni ingenzi mu myubakire yingamba zose zikoresha amashanyarazi. Bemeza neza ko haboneka ubushobozi bwihuse bwo kwishyuza ingendo ndende, bikuraho neza impungenge ziterwa no kwihanganira bateri no kongera akamaro ka nyirubwite, cyane cyane kubantu basanzwe batangira ingendo ndende cyangwa ugasanga bakeneye byihuse bateri hejuru hagati ya a gahunda ihuze.
Hano hari imbonerahamwe yerekana incamake yimpamvu zogukoresha aribwo buryo bwiza bwo kwishyiriraho urugo:
| Uburyo bwo Kwishyuza | Impamvu zifatika nkibisubizo bya DC Kwishyurwa Byihuse Murugo |
| Urwego rwa 1 | Irasaba gusa urugo rusanzwe, ntamashanyarazi akomeye akenewe. Tanga kwishyurwa gahoro, guhoraho (ibirometero 2 kugeza kuri 5 byurugero rwisaha) byiza gukoreshwa nijoro. Irashobora kongera igihe cya bateri wirinda guhangayikishwa byihuse. |
| Urwego rwa 2 | Tanga uburyo bwihuse bwo kwishyuza (ibirometero 12 kugeza kuri 80 byurugero rwisaha) hamwe no kuzamura amashanyarazi make (240V isohoka). Birakwiriye kubashoferi bafite mileage ya buri munsi, yemerera ijoro ryose bateri yuzuye. Kuringaniza umuvuduko no guhindura ibintu bifatika murugo. |
| Rusange DC Yihuta Yishyurwa | Itanga kwishyurwa byihuse (20% kugeza 80% muminota 20 kugeza 40) kubikenewe. Ingamba ziherereye kugirango zoroherezwe mugihe cyurugendo rurerure. Uzuza kwishyuza urugo, cyane cyane kubadafite uburyo bwo kwishyuza kumanywa. |
Kubona amashanyarazi yihuta murugo byumvikana neza kuko byishyura vuba. Ariko ugomba gutekereza kubintu byinshi nkumutekano, uko bisaba, nicyo ukeneye kubishyiraho. Kubantu benshi, nibyiza kandi bihendutse gukoresha charger yo murwego rwa 2 murugo no gukoresha amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC mugihe bari hanze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-19-2024