Buri munsi ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mibereho yacu buri munsi. Kumenyekana no gukura kwaIbinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (ev)Ni urugero runini rwukuntu izo mpinduka zishobora gusobanura ubuzima bwacu bwubucuruzi - kandi kubuzima bwacu.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe ningutu zishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije kuri moteri yo gutwika imbere (Imodoka) zitwara inyungu zagutse kumasoko ya EV. Abakora ibinyabiziga benshi bashizeho batangiza icyitegererezo gishya cya EV, hamwe no gutangira gushya kwinjiza isoko. Hamwe no gutoranya ibikorwa na moderi ziboneka uyumunsi, nibindi byinshi bizaza, birashoboka ko twese dushobora kuba dutwaye Evs mugihe kizaza cyegereje kuruta mbere hose.
Ikoranabuhanga riha imbaraga none risaba impinduka nyinshi muburyo ibinyabiziga gakondo byakozwe. Inzira yo kubaka ibibi bisaba hafi gutondekanya cyane nka aesthetike yimodoka ubwayo. Ibyo birimo umurongo uhagaze wa robo yagenewe porogaramu ya EV - ndetse n'imirongo yumusaruro woroshye ifite robots igendanwa ishobora kwimurwa no gusohoka kubintu bitandukanye byumuryango nkuko bikenewe.
Muri iki kibazo tuzasuzuma impinduka zikenewe kugirango igishushanyo mbonera no gukora ibibi muri iki gihe. Tuzavuga uburyo inzira nuburyo bwo gutanga umusaruro bitandukanye nibikorwa byo gukora ibinyabiziga bifite gaze.
Igishushanyo, ibice nuburyo bwo gukora
Nubwo iterambere rya ev ryakurikiranye cyane nabashakashatsi nabakora mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri, inyungu zahagaritswe kubera ibiciro bihendutse, ibinyabiziga bikozwe na lisansi. Ubushakashatsi bwakuwe mu 1920 kugeza mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 iyo habaye ibibazo by'ibidukikije byo guhumanya no gutinya umutungo kamere byashizeho hakenewe uburyo bw'igitsina gore ku giti cyabo cyo gutwara abantu.
Kwishyuzaigishushanyo
Esvis yuyu munsi iratandukanye cyane na barafu (moteri yo gutwika imbere) ibinyabiziga bifite lisansi. Ubwoko bushya bwa evs yungukiye murukurikirane rwibigeragezo byananiranye kugirango bategure no kubaka imodoka zamashanyarazi ukoresheje uburyo gakondo bwumusaruro ukoreshwa nabakora imyaka mirongo.
Hariho itandukaniro ryinshi muburyo evs ikozwe mugihe ugereranije n'ibinyabiziga byambaye urubura. Intego ikoreshwa mu kubarinda moteri, ariko iyi nteguro yahinduye kurinda bateri mu gukora iki ev. Abashushanya imodoka nabashakashatsi barimo gushakisha rwose igishushanyo cyakomamanywa, kimwe no gukora uburyo bushya bwo gukorana no guterana kugirango babakubaze. Ubu barimo gushushanya ikigaragara kuva hasi hamwe no gutekereza cyane kuri Aerodynamics, uburemere nubundi bushobozi bwingufu.
An Bateri y'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (EVB)ni ikarita isanzwe kuri bateri ikoreshwa mumbaraga zamashanyarazi zubwoko bwose bwa evs. Mubihe byinshi, ibi nibisobanuro bya lithium-ion byateguwe cyane kumasaha menshi (cyangwa ubushobozi bwa kiloyatthotthour). Batteri yishyurwa ya Lithuriona ikoranabuhanga ni imiyoboro ya plastike irimo icyuma na cathodes. Battimage-ion batteri zikoresha polymer electrolyte aho kuba electrolyte. Imyitwarire igezweho Semisolid (Gel) Polymers ikora aya mashanyarazi.
Lithium-onBateriBaricle yimbitse yagenewe gutanga imbaraga mugihe cyigihe kirekire. Gitoya kandi yoroshye, bateri ya lithium-ion irakenewe kuko bagabanya uburemere bwikinyabiziga bityo bakanga imikorere yacyo.
Batteri zitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe kurenza ubundi bwoko bwa bateri. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubisabwa aho uburemere nikintu gikomeye, nko ibikoresho bigendanwa, indege igenzurwa na radiyo, ubungubu, evs. Bateri isanzwe-ion irashobora kubika amasaha 150 y'amashanyarazi muri bateri ipima hafi kilo 1.
Mu myaka ibiri ishize iteye imbere muri lithium-ion tekinoroji ya baty yatewe nibisabwa na elegitoroniki yinyuma, mudasobwa ya mudasobwa igendanwa, terefone zigendanwa, ibikoresho byingufu nibindi byinshi. Inganda enye zasaruye inyungu ziyi majyambere haba mubikorwa byingufu ningufu. Bitandukanye nizindi mimiya ya bateri, bateri ya lithium-ion irashobora gusezererwa no kwishyurwa buri munsi kandi kurwego urwo arirwo rwose.
Hariho ikoranabuhanga rishyigikira kurema ubundi bwoko bwuburemere bworoshye, batteri yizewe, igura ibiciro bifatika - nubushakashatsi bukomeje kugabanya umubare wa bateri zikenewe kugirango EVS ikenewe kubivya. Bateri Kubika ingufu nimbaraga zamashanyarazi zahindutse ikoranabuhanga ryabo kandi rihinduka hafi buri munsi.
Sisitemu yo gukurura
Evs ifite moteri yamashanyarazi, nayo yitwaga uburyo bwo gukurukurura cyangwa gahunda yo gusunika - kandi ifite imirongo nibice bya plastike bikaba bikenera guhinda. Sisitemu ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva kuri bateri kandi ziyishyikiriza gari ya moshi.
Evs irashobora gukorerwa hamwe nibiziga bibiri cyangwa ibibi byose, ukoresheje moteri ebyiri cyangwa enye z'amashanyarazi. Byombi binyuranye (DC) hamwe na moteri ya Ac) (AC) bikoreshwa muriyi tract cyangwa sisitemu yo gusunika kuri evs. Kuri ubu ac motos irazwi cyane, kuko badakoresha koza kandi zikasaba kubungabunga bike.
Umugenzuzi
Motors kandi ikubiyemo umugenzuzi wa elegitoroniki uhanitse. Uyu mugenzuzi agenga paki ya elegitoronike ikora hagati ya bateri na moteri yamashanyarazi kugenzura umuvuduko wikinyabiziga no kwihuta, cyane nka kanseri ikora mumodoka ya lisansi. Ubu buryo bwa mudasobwa ya mudasobwa ntabwo itangira imodoka gusa, ahubwo ikoresha inzugi, Windows, uburyo bwo guhumeka, sisitemu yo gukurikirana ipine, hamwe nibindi bintu byinshi bihuriweho nimodoka zose.
Feri
Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa feri burashobora gukoreshwa ku mavs, ariko sisitemu yo kuvugurura ibyuma ikundwa mumodoka z'amashanyarazi. Ubwonko bwamashya ninzira moteri ikoreshwa nka generator kugirango yishyure bateri mugihe ikinyabiziga kitinda. Izi sisitemu ya feri isubiramo zimwe mu mbaraga zatakaye mugihe cyo gufatanya no kugarura kuri sisitemu ya bateri.
Mugihe cya feri ya regnerative, zimwe mu mbaraga za kinetic zisanzwe zinjiye na feri zihinduka ubushyuhe zihinduka amashanyarazi na mugenzuzi - kandi ikoreshwa mu kongera amafaranga. Gutunganya imitwe idahwitse ntabwo yongera gusa ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bitarenze 5 kugeza 10%, ariko nanone byagaragaye ko byagabanije feri no kugabanya igiciro cyo gufata neza.
Amashanyarazi
Ubwoko bubiri bwamashanyarazi burakenewe. Ingano yuzuye yo kwishyiriraho muri garage irakenewe kugirango yishyure EVS ijoro ryose, kimwe na Recharger igendanwa. Amashanyarazi meza ahinduka ibikoresho bisanzwe bivuye mubakora benshi. Izi biruka zibikwa mu giti bityo bateri ya Evs irashobora kwishyurwa mu rugendo cyangwa rwose mu rugendo rurerure cyangwa mu bihe byihutirwa nk'ibisohoka ku mashanyarazi. Mugihe kizaza tuzakomeza ibisobanuro birambuye ubwoko bwaEv kwishyuza sitasiyonk'Urwego rwa 1, urwego rwa 2 na Wireless.
Igihe cya nyuma: Feb-20-2024